integration n. 1.結(jié)合;綜合;一體化。 2.【心理學(xué)】整合(作用)。 3.【數(shù)學(xué)】積分(法) (opp. differentiation)。 4.【經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)】(產(chǎn)業(yè)的)集中。 5.〔美國〕取消種族隔離;給以種族上的平等待遇。 integration by parts 【數(shù)學(xué)】部分積分法。
site n. 1.地點(diǎn);位置;地基。 2.場所,現(xiàn)場。 3.遺址。 4.【計(jì)算機(jī)】網(wǎng)站,站點(diǎn)〔電腦網(wǎng)絡(luò)用戶的網(wǎng)站地址〕;萬維網(wǎng)址(=Website)。 construction site 建筑工地。 firing [launching] site (火箭等)發(fā)射場。 historic sites 歷史遺址。 nuclear test site 核試驗(yàn)場。 the site of a battle 戰(zhàn)場。 vt. 給與位置,為…選定地點(diǎn);安放;使坐落于(某處)。 adj. -ed 地點(diǎn)[位置]…的 (a well-sited factory 地點(diǎn)好的工廠)。
The mechanisms of gene silencing include copy numbers and configuration of transgene , integration sites in plant and transcription of transgene , etc 基因沉默的機(jī)制是多方面的,包括轉(zhuǎn)基因的拷貝數(shù)和構(gòu)型、在植物上的整合位點(diǎn)、轉(zhuǎn)基因的轉(zhuǎn)錄水平等。
To abolish transcription efficiency affected by copy number or integration site in chromosome , all the vectors were integrated into frt site by co - transfecting with an flp recombinase producing plasmid 應(yīng)用w七stemblot對其中的20個(gè)克隆進(jìn)行檢測,選出一個(gè)caspase一3表達(dá)量最低的細(xì)胞克隆a6 。
In abroad , the study of integration site used for transgenic detection had just begun . in this study , according to the collection of the global commercialized transgenic crops , select seven exogenous genes which basically cover the total commercialized crops , namely camv35s and fmv promoter , nos terminater , mark gene nptii , and aim genes pat , epsps and cryia ( b ) . use endogenous 18srrna gene as collate , design a large pairs of specific primers , screen the optimum primers groups , optimized the test condition and parameters , establishing the qualitative pcr detection system 本研究根據(jù)收集的國內(nèi)外已商品化的轉(zhuǎn)基因作物品種,選擇了能基本覆蓋商品化轉(zhuǎn)基因品種的7個(gè)外源基因,即: camv35s 、 fmv啟動(dòng)子、 nos終止子、 npt標(biāo)記基因和目的基因pat 、 epsps 、 cryia ( b )作為篩選目標(biāo),以植物18srrna基因作為內(nèi)源參照基因,設(shè)計(jì)了多對特異性引物,并篩選出最佳組合,優(yōu)化了檢測條件和參數(shù),建立了pcr定性檢測方法體系。
Transgenic integration site detection is the efficient method to identify whether the transgenic crops are approved to import or export . some quantitative detection methods were reported in 2000 and 2001 , and that is about bt11 and mon810 corn . real - time 5 " - nuclease pcr had been previously used successfully to determine quantitatively roundup ready ( rr ) soy and btl76 maize in food 轉(zhuǎn)基因整合位點(diǎn)檢測是鑒定轉(zhuǎn)基因品種是否為批準(zhǔn)進(jìn)口轉(zhuǎn)基因作物的有效的特異性方法,國外在2000年和2001年已開展了轉(zhuǎn)基因玉米bt11 、 mon810兩個(gè)品種整合位點(diǎn)的特異性檢測方法研究。
The env protein deduced from env gene encodes the hydrophilic surface protein ( su ) and the hydrophobic transmembrane domain ( tm ) that determine the specific interaction between virus particles and cell surface receptors during retroviral entry . the su of retroviruses is a highly variable genetic element , containing receptor binding sites and major antigenic determinants . exjsrv - specific dna probes were derived . by using these dna probes in tissue hybridization . we successfully identified jsrv mrna expression and proviruses dna in sheep lung tissues infected with jsrv and control group has no postive signals , validating the use of exogenous virus - specific dna probes in the analysis of oncogenic proviral integration sites and identification of integrated exogenous proviral sequences 用地高辛隨機(jī)引物法標(biāo)記exjsrv特異的env片段,制備探針,原位雜交檢測spa肺組織中的rna及前病毒dna ,結(jié)果表明spa患羊肺組織內(nèi)有jsrvenv基因mrna的表達(dá),同時(shí)也檢測到了前病毒dna ,而相應(yīng)的陰性對照卻無陽性信號,證實(shí)外源性病毒特異的dna探針在致瘤性前病毒的整合位點(diǎn)和整合的外源性前病毒的檢測中具有可信度。
Though the technique of nuclejc transformation in plants has been developed and used widely , some problems in genetic information have not been resolved . for example , because the nucleic genome is so big and complicated that the integration sites and copies of foreign gene can not be controlled accurately , the expression of transferred genes is inefficient as a result of gene silencing or position effect . in nucleic transformation , furthermore , the transfer of multigene is difficult , and only after the prokaryotic genes undergo modification are they expressed in high plants 植物的細(xì)胞核轉(zhuǎn)化技術(shù)已發(fā)展成熟并得到廣泛應(yīng)用,但核基因組的遺傳轉(zhuǎn)化仍存在一系列至今尚未解決的問題:例如由于核基因組大,背景復(fù)雜,外源基因的整合位點(diǎn)和整合的拷貝數(shù)難以人為控制,造成鄭州大學(xué)2003年博士學(xué)位論文杜氏鹽藻( dunaliellasalina )葉綠體轉(zhuǎn)化研究外源基因表達(dá)效率低,容易出現(xiàn)基因失活、基因沉默、位置效應(yīng)等現(xiàn)象;同時(shí)轉(zhuǎn)入多個(gè)基因時(shí)操作步驟過于復(fù)雜,所表達(dá)的原核基因必須經(jīng)過修飾改造,環(huán)境安全難以保證等。